Civil Aviation Act, 2009 (Act No. 13 of 2009)RegulationsCivil Aviation Regulations, 2011Part 91 : General Aviation and Operating Flight RulesSubpart 4 : Instruments and Equipment91.04.5 Flight, navigation and associated equipment for aircraft operated under IFR |
| (1) | No owner or operator of an aircraft shall operate the aircraft in accordance with IFR, unless such aircraft is equipped with functioning navigation equipment appropriate to the route to be flown and— |
| (a) | a magnetic compass; |
| (b) | an accurate time-piece showing the time in hours, minutes and seconds; |
| (c) | for large aeroplanes, two independent sensitive pressure altimeter systems with subscale settings, calibrated in hectopascal, adjustable for any barometric pressure setting likely to be encountered during flight and for all other aircraft, one sensitive pressure altimeter with subscale settings, calibrated in hectopascal, adjustable for any barometric pressure setting likely to be encountered during flight; |
| (d) | an airspeed indicator system with heated pitot tube or equivalent means for preventing malfunctioning due to either condensation or icing; (e) a vertical-speed indicator; |
| (f) | a stabilised direction indicator; |
| (g) | a turn-and-bank indicator, or a turn co-ordinator incorporating a slip indicator; |
| (h) | an attitude indicator and for large aeroplanes for which an individual certificate of airworthiness was first issued after 1 January 1975, an emergency power supply, independent of the main electrical generating system, for the purpose of operating and illuminating, for a minimum period of 30 minutes, an attitude indicator, clearly visible to the PIC. The emergency power supply shall be automatically operative after the total failure of the main electrical generating system and clear indication shall be given on the instrument panel that the attitude indicator(s) is being operated by emergency power; |
| (i) | a means of indication, in the cockpit or in the flight deck, the outside air temperature in degrees Celsius; |
| (j) | a chart holder in an easily readable position which can be illuminated for operations by night; |
| (k) | a means of measuring and displaying whether the supply of power to the gyroscopic instruments is adequate; and |
| (I) | a pressure-altitude reporting transponder. |
| (2) | No owner or operator shall operate in RVSM airspace unless the aircraft is equipped as specified in technical standard 91.04.34 of Document SA-CATS 91. |
| (3) | No owner or operator of a large pressurised aeroplane shall operate the aeroplane when carrying passengers at night or under IMC unless it is equipped with operative weather-detecting equipment capable of detecting thunderstorms whenever the aeroplane is being operated in areas where such conditions may be expected to exist along the route. |